Abstract
The immature lymphoid cells with chromosomal structural and numerical abnormalities cause the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This hematologic disorder constitutes about 25% of cancer prognosis among children and adolescents. D-Carvone, a monocyclic monoterpene obtained from the essential oils extracted from plants is reported to possess the various biological activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of D-Carvone against the human leukemic Molt-4 cells. The cytotoxicity of DCarvone was analyzed by MTT assay. The level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were determined. The intracellular ROS, MMP and apoptosis were demonstrated by fluorescent staining techniques. The MTT assay revealed that the D-Carvone treatment suppressed the viability of Molt-4 cells and the IC50 was determined at 20 µM/ml. The D-Carvone treatment was increased the oxidative stress and reduced the level of antioxidants in the Molt-4 cell lines. The increased intracellular ROS, apoptotic cell death, and diminished MMP was noted in the D-Carvone treatment. In the Molt-4 cells, D-carvone induced the apoptosis in a time and dose dependent manner by the activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. Thus, data provide insights for the clinical application of D-Carvone in the treatment of blood cancer Molt-4 cells. Our study suggests the therapeutic potential D-Carvone for the treatment of leukemia in future.
Highlights
The resources for treatment of cancer are minimal in developing nations [1]
Effect of D-carvone on cell viability of Molt-4 cell lines: Figure 2 presents the cytotoxic effects of D-Carvone on the cell viability of Molt-4 cells
We found an augmented level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased status of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH and CAT enzymes in the D-carvone (15 and 20 μM/ml) treated Molt-4 cells when compared to control cells
Summary
The resources for treatment of cancer are minimal in developing nations [1]. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy caused by lymphoid cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation in bone marrow, peripheral blood and various other organs [2]. The high degree of heterogeneity is attributed to diverse genetic alterations that were acquired over a period of time. These alterations include both numerical and structural rearrangement of chromosomes, gain and loss of genomic regions and single nucleotide alterations. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents currently employed are directly or indirectly derived from the natural sources Among these natural sources secondary metabolites from plants and their derivatives have been proved their potentials as effective anticancer drugs [9,10]. D-carvone is one such monoterpenic ketones that is present in various essential oils extracted from plants and has been utilized in food and pharmaceutical industry [13,14]. It is of interest to document data on the D-carvone ROS mediated apoptotic cell death in human leukemic cell lines (Molt-4)
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