Abstract
d-Allulose, a rare sugar, improves glucose metabolism and has been proposed as a candidate calorie restriction mimetic. This study aimed to investigate the effects of d-allulose on aerobic performance and recovery from exhaustion and compared them with the effects of exercise training. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to exercise and allowed to run freely on a wheel. Aerobic performance was evaluated using a treadmill. Glucose metabolism was analyzed by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Skeletal muscle intracellular signaling was analyzed by Western blotting. Four weeks of daily oral administration of 3% d-allulose increased running distance and shortened recovery time as assessed by an endurance test. d-Allulose administration also increased the maximal aerobic speed (MAS), which was observed following treatment for >3 or 7 days. The improved performance was associated with lower blood lactate levels and increased liver glycogen levels. Although d-allulose did not change the overall glucose levels as determined by ipGTT, it decreased plasma insulin levels, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. Finally, d-allulose enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α. Our results indicate that d-allulose administration enhances endurance ability, reduces fatigue, and improves insulin sensitivity similarly to exercise training. d-Allulose administration may be a potential treatment option to alleviate obesity and enhance aerobic exercise performance.
Highlights
The global epidemic of obesity and obesity-associated diseases, especially type 2 diabetes, is expected to continue to worsen [1]
D-Allulose, known as D-psicose, is a rare, functional sugar formed by the epimerization of D-fructose at the C-3 position [3,4]
The voluntary running distance during the 4-week period after the grouping was higher in the D-allulose group than in the control group (Figure 4A)
Summary
The global epidemic of obesity and obesity-associated diseases, especially type 2 diabetes, is expected to continue to worsen [1]. Exercise and nutritional management are the most effective preventative and therapeutic measures for obesity and obesity-associated diseases. D-Allulose, known as D-psicose, is a rare, functional sugar formed by the epimerization of D-fructose at the C-3 position [3,4]. D-Allulose has been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance [5,6,7] and glucose tolerance in rodents [8,9,10] and humans [11] and reduce abdominal fat accumulation in rodents [12,13,14] and humans [15,16]
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