Abstract
We summarize recent progress in understanding non-perturbative effects of Yang-Mills (YM) and Yang-Mills Chern-Simons (YMCS) theories in three dimensions, based on a monopole-vortex vacuum condensate. In YM theory these include dynamical generation of a gluon mass, quantum vortex solitons, and and entropy-driven condensate of these solitons. This leads to confinement as well as CS fluctuations (related to B+L violation). These two phenomena are both described in terms of topological linkings of closed vortices with a Wilson loop (confinement) or with each other (CS fluctuations). In SU(N) YMCS theory with a level-k CS term, similar effects occur for k less than a critical value kc ≈ 2N, while for larger k there is a phase transition to a purely perturbative regime with no dynamical mass (just the perturbative CS mass), solitons, or condensate.
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