Abstract
Abstract. For the last 25 years, CO-PDD (Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-puy de Dôme) has evolved to become a full instrumented platform for atmospheric research. It has received credentials as a national observing platform in France and is internationally recognized as a global station in the GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) network. It is a reference site of European and national research infrastructures ACTRIS (Aerosol Cloud and Trace gases Research Infrastructure) and ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observing System). The site located on top of the puy de Dôme mountain (1465 m a.s.l.) is completed by additional sites located at lower altitudes and adding the vertical dimension to the atmospheric observations: Opme (660 m a.s.l.), Cézeaux (410 m), and Aulnat (330 m). The integration of different sites offers a unique combination of in situ and remote sensing measurements capturing and documenting the variability of particulate and gaseous atmospheric composition, but also the optical, biochemical, and physical properties of aerosol particles, clouds, and precipitations. Given its location far away from any major emission sources, its altitude, and the mountain orography, the puy de Dôme station is ideally located to sample different air masses in the boundary layer or in the free troposphere depending on time of day and seasons. It is also an ideal place to study cloud properties with frequent presence of clouds at the top in fall and winter. As a result of the natural conditions prevailing at the site and of the very exhaustive instrumental deployment, scientific studies at the puy de Dôme strongly contribute to improving knowledge in atmospheric sciences, including the characterization of trends and variability, the understanding of complex and interconnected processes (microphysical, chemical, biological, chemical and dynamical), and the provision of reference information for climate/chemistry models. In this context, CO-PDD is a pilot site to conduct instrumental development inside its wind tunnel for testing liquid and ice cloud probes in natural conditions, or in situ systems to collect aerosol and cloud. This paper reviews 25 years (1995–2020) of atmospheric observation at the station and related scientific research contributing to atmospheric and climate science.
Highlights
Atmospheric greenhouse and reactive gases, aerosol particles and atmospheric water, as well as their interactions, play a crucial role for weather and climate systems (IPCC, 2013)
The puy de Dôme is a century-old meteorological observation site, and CO-PDD in its present configuration has more than 20 years of microphysical, chemical, and remote sensing measurements
CO-PDD is dedicated to the longterm atmospheric survey in the context of climate change and offers a unique instrumentation and data set to document the complex connections linking precipitation and radiation, and gas and particle cloud interactions
Summary
Atmospheric greenhouse and reactive gases, aerosol particles and atmospheric water (water vapor, clouds and precipitation), as well as their interactions, play a crucial role for weather and climate systems (IPCC, 2013). It is crucial to maintain fully instrumented stations for the long-term monitoring of the atmospheric composition with a high technological and scientific level. These stations are especially useful within the framework of larger observation networks such as the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program. CO-PDD combines in situ and remote sensing observations from different connected sites (Cézeaux-Aulnat, Opme, and puy de Dôme) at different altitudes allowing the evolution of the composition of the troposphere of central France to be documented (Fig. 1). PUY is in free tropospheric conditions 50 % of the time in winter, but it is in the mixing layer most of the time in summer. The list of acronyms and the encountered air masses are given in Appendices A and B
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