Abstract
Chromosome behaviour and morphology of about 200 geographically separated populations of the Campanula rotundifolia group in Norway were analyzed. Diploid populations (2n = 34), some being close to the Greenland C. gieseckiana Vest ssp. gieseckiana occurred exclusively in the northernmost and NE parts of Norway (Finnmark and Troms), diverse tetraploid (2n = 68) groups, in other areas, some of them being referable to C. gieseckiana Vest ssp. groenlandica (Berl.) BOCHER, others to C. rotundifolia L.s.str. As considerable introgression occurs, a satisfactory taxonomic arrangement of groups in the complex appears at present impossible. Diploid and tetraploid individuals are easily separated on pollen size and milk sap characteristics. They rarely form hybrids in nature, but tetraploid (usually not triploid) hybrids were produced experimentally. The diploid karyotype shows the chromosomes to be arranged in pairs only, secondary polyploid characteristics were not found. Meiotic stability varies between groups of populations from lowland, mountain, coastal and arctic areas. The Norwegian diploids possibly represent the phylogenetically oldest group known in the complex. By chromosome doubling tetraploids have formed, which extended their distribution range and intercrossed with other groups immigrating from the South.
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