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Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been widely studied for their applications in electronics, optics, and catalysts. Their semiconducting, piezoelectric, fluorescent, and antibacterial properties have also attracted broad interest in their biomedical applications. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the biosafety of ZnO nanowires and their biological effects. In this study, the cellular level biological effects of ZnO nanowire arrays are specifically tested on three types of excitable cells, including NG108-15 neuronal cell line, HL-1 cardiac muscle cell line, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Vertically aligned and densely packed ZnO nanowire arrays are synthesized using a solution-based method and used as a substrate for cell culture. The metabolism levels of all three types of cells cultured on ZnO nanowire arrays are studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays of a full factorial design. Under the studied settings, the results show statistically significant inhibitory effects of ZnO nanowire arrays on the metabolism of NG108-15 and HL-1 cells in comparison to gold, glass, and polystyrene substrates, and on the metabolism of cardiomyocytes in comparison to gold substrate.
Highlights
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have attracted great research and industrial interest in their applications in photocatalysts, field-effect transistors, solar cells, and generators, for their semiconducting, piezoelectric, and optical properties [1,2,3,4]
ZnO nanowire arrays were grown on gold (Au)-coated cover glasses, resulting in a thin and nanowire arrays grown on By gold (Au)-coated cover glasses, resulting a thincover and uniform grayish layer over were the Au-coated cover glasses (Au) coating
ZnOthe nanowire growth an analytical balance, we found thatcoated on average, glasses before and after nanowire growth using an analytical balance, we found that on average, approximately 4 mg of ZnO nanowires were grown on each cover glass after 24 h of growth
Summary
ZnO nanowires have attracted great research and industrial interest in their applications in photocatalysts, field-effect transistors, solar cells, and generators, for their semiconducting, piezoelectric, and optical properties [1,2,3,4]. These properties along with their nanomaterial attributes have stimulated interest in their biomedical applications such as bioimaging, biosensing, antibacterial treatment, and nanogenerators powering wearable and implantable medical devices [2,5,6,7].
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