Abstract
Among the classes of identified natural products, triterpenoids, one of the largest families, have been studied extensively for their diverse structures and variety of biological activities, including antitumor effects. In the present study, a phytochemical study of the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim led to the isolation of a new dammarane triterpene, 12β, 20(R), 24(R)-trihydroxydammar-25-en-3-one (6), together with sixteen known compounds, chiefly from chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. According to their structural characteristics, these compounds were divided into dammarane-type, oleanane- and ursane-type. Dammarane-type triterpenoids were isolated for the first time from the Juglans genus. As part of our continuing search for biologically active compounds from this plant, all of these compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the growth of human cancer cells lines HepG-2 by the MTT assay. The results were shown that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid exhibited better cytotoxicity in vitro with IC50 values of 10.32 ± 1.13, 16.13 ± 3.83, 15.97 ± 2.47 μM, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationships for these compounds were discussed.
Highlights
Cancer is the second largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease
A new dammarane triterpene was obtained from the green husks of Juglans Mandshurica Maxim and identified
All dammarane-type triterpenoids were described for the first time from the Juglans genus
Summary
Cancer is the second largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease. More seriously, epidemiological evidence indicates that cancer incidence rates are still increasing in many parts of the world [1]. Natural antitumor drugs have proven effective and less toxic for cancer therapy [2]. Considering the better reproducibility of green husk extractions compared with other medicinal parts, we carried out a series of phytochemical and pharmacological studies of green husks of GHJ. Preliminary anti-tumor activity screening study found that the EtOAc and CHCl3 fractions from the EtOH extract of GHJ showed significant anti-tumor activities [7] and seventeen compounds including dammarane-type, oleanane- and ursane-type were isolated and identified (Figure 1).
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