Abstract
The use of adhesives for direct dental pulp capping is not advisable, due to its harmful effects to the tissue. However, new adhesive systems are often released, and self-etching systems seem to be less toxic than conventional ones. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro cytotoxicity of substances leached from calcium hydroxide and two adhesive systems on human dental pulp fibroblasts. Cell culture media conditioned by Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Single Bond (SB), Clearfill Protect Bond primer (CP) or Clearfill Protect Bond resin (CB) were applied to human pulp fibroblasts. Fresh cell culture medium was used in the Control group. The number of viable cells was obtained through the MTT reduction assay. Data were compared by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05). The mean number of viable cells was 3.9x103(±0.75) for the control group, which was similar to those found in the CH group (4.31x103±0.87). Statistical differences were found among the groups (p<0.001),with the cell viability decreasing significantly with SB (0.09x103±0.06) and CP (0.28x103±0.08) when compared to CH and control groups. CB (2.37x103±0.72) was significantly less cytotoxic than CP and SB, but more cytotoxic than CH. It was concluded that Single Bond and Clearfill Protect Bond primer release substances that decrease cell viability of human dental pulp cells in culture. The use of bonding systems for direct pulp capping is not recommended, since they are cytotoxic.
Highlights
Calcium hydroxide has become a widely accepted material for direct pulp capping, due to its biological properties related to its high pH [1,2,3]
According to the statistical analysis, the average number of cells obtained in the control group (3.9 x 103 ± 0.75) was statistically similar to that found in the calcium hydroxide group (4.31 x 103 ± 0.87)
This study compared the cytotoxicity of different adhesive systems on human dental pulp fibroblasts in culture, using the calcium hydroxide as gold standard, once this material is of choice for direct pulp capping
Summary
Calcium hydroxide has become a widely accepted material for direct pulp capping, due to its biological properties related to its high pH [1,2,3]. It is the standard material for this procedure, some studies have shown its weak mechanical properties, solubility through the time, which could allow bacterial leakage [4,5]. Researchers have evaluated dental adhesive systems to be used for direct pulp capping This is controversial since most of the literature has supported the use of calcium hydroxide given its properties [1,2,3,6]. Studies have found that dental adhesives are cytotoxic to cells and harmful to dental pulp tissue [9,10,11], what seems to be the standard performance of adhesives regarding biocompatibility
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