Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of eight composite resins on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts. Composite resins were eluted in cell culture medium for 48 or 72 h at 37 °C. Immortalized human gingival fibroblast-1 (HGF-1) cell lines were seeded in 96-well (1 × 104) plates and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C with the obtained extraction medium. The percentage of viable cells in each well (MTT test) was calculated relative to control cells, which were set to 100%. Data observed were not normally distributed, and nonparametric statistical methods were used for statistical analysis. The Wilcoxon test was used for intragroup comparison, and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup multiple comparisons. Significance value was set as p < 0.05. All materials tested showed cytotoxic effects on gingival fibroblasts, recordable as noncytotoxic, mildly cytotoxic or severely cytotoxic, depending on the percentage of cell viability. The Wilcoxon test for intragroup comparison showed that the percentage of viable cells decreased significantly for extracts, for all composite resins tested. The composite resins contained monomers that displayed cytotoxic properties. BisGMA, TEGDMA and UDMA had inhibitory effects and induced apoptotic proteins in pulp fibroblast. Composite resins that contained lower percentages of unbound free monomers—and that released less ions—possessed superior biocompatibility in vitro.
Highlights
Composite resins are used extensively as restorative materials in conservative dentistry because of their ideal mechanical properties and desirable aesthetics
After 48 h, Omnichroma, Omnichroma Blocker, Admira Fusion x-tra, and Enamel Plus HRi Bio Function Enamel showed the lowest grade of cytotoxicity and no significant differences were recorder for intergroup multiple comparisons with Kruskal Wallis test (Figure 3)
Admira Fusion x-tra and Enamel Plus HRi Bio Function Enamel showed a significant reduction to moderate cytotoxicity and cell viability rates were comparable with Kruskal Wallis test after 72 h (p > 0.05)
Summary
Composite resins are used extensively as restorative materials in conservative dentistry because of their ideal mechanical properties and desirable aesthetics. Their use requires specific focus on the safety of the components used [1,2,3]. Innovative resin composites are composed of a polymerizable organic resin matrix and a particulate ceramic reinforcing filler. These two main components are connected by a silane coupling agent [4]. Composite resins have evolved from hybrid polymers to organically modified ceramic materials (ormocers). The present study aimed to improve knowledge about the biocompatibility of different nanohybrid composite resins by testing their cytotoxicity on immortalized human gingival fibroblast-1 HGF-1 (ATCC CRL-2014) cell lines using cell viability assay
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