Abstract
Production and use of metallic nanoparticles have increased dramatically over the past few years and design of nanomaterials has been developed to minimize their toxic potencies. Traditional chemical methods of production are potentially harmful to the environment and greener methods for synthesis are being developed in order to address this. Thus far phytosynthesis have been found to yield nanomaterials of lesser toxicities, compared to materials synthesized by use of chemical methods. In this study nanoparticles were synthesized from an extract of leaves of golden rod (Solidago canadensis). Silver (Ag), gold (Au) and Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs), synthesized by use of this “green” method, were evaluated for cytotoxic potency. Cytotoxicity of nanomaterials to H4IIE-luc (rat hepatoma) cells and HuTu-80 (human intestinal) cells were determined by use of the xCELLigence real time cell analyzer. Greatest concentrations (50 µg/mL) of Ag and Ag-Au bimetallic were toxic to both H4IIE-luc and HuTu-80 cells but Au nanoparticles were not toxic. BNPs exhibited the greatest toxic potency to these two types of cells and since AuNPs caused no toxicity; the Au functional portion of the bimetallic material could be assisting in uptake of particles across the cell membrane thereby increasing the toxicity.
Highlights
Nanotechnology has become an intensely researched area of and nanoproducts are widely gaining uses, especially in electronics, health care, cosmetics and medicine
Unique properties of NPs instil them with beneficial properties
Nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts might be less expensive and more ecologically friendly, than the conventional, less natural, ones
Summary
Nanotechnology has become an intensely researched area of and nanoproducts are widely gaining uses, especially in electronics, health care, cosmetics and medicine. Au-NPs absorb visible light and within picoseconds, deliver wavelength-specific energies with targeted precision and efficiency They can be applied in light-mediated clinical treatments (photodynamic therapies), for which bimetallic alloy NPs could be seen to exhibit better functionalities. The colour of Au nanoparticles, which is in the visible region of the spectroscopy, have ability to bind with biological molecules or ligands which aids in bioimaging and other biomedical applications. These noble nanometals exist in various structures, such as nanospheres, nanocages, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanopolygons and their functions vary based on produced structures[1,4]. Since extracts of the angiosperm Solidago canadensis has been used traditionally for several medicinal applications relating to antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, it was hypothesized that it could be used during phytosynthesis of nanomaterials[8]
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