Abstract
We explored the cytotoxic effects of nanobacteria (NB) and nanohydroxyapatites (nHAPs) against human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR) and the mechanisms of action underlying their cytotoxicity. JAR cells were co-cultured with NB and nHAPs for 48 h, and ultrastructural changes were more readily induced by NB than nHAPs. Autophagy in the plasma of JAR cells were observed in the NB group. The rate of apoptosis induced by NB was higher than that for nHAPs. The expression of Bax and FasR proteins in the NB group was stronger than that for the nHAP group. NB probably resulted in autophagic formation. Apoptosis was possibly activated via FasL binding to the FasR signaling pathway.
Highlights
There is some debate as to whether nanobacteria (NB) are the smallest life forms on earth [1,2] or inorganic calcium-protein complexes [3,4,5]
We investigated the cytotoxicity induced by NB and nHAPs in human choriocarcinoma (JAR) cells and attempted to probe the relationship between placenta calcification and NB
We found that cytotoxicity induced by NB was mediated via apoptosis and necrosis as verified by the presence of annexin V-positive and propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells and JAR cell ultrastructural changes (Figure 4)
Summary
There is some debate as to whether nanobacteria (NB) are the smallest life forms on earth [1,2] or inorganic calcium-protein complexes [3,4,5]. We successfully isolated NB from human placental tissues and determined their 16S rRNA sequences ([GenBank:JF823648]) [10], and found that the positive rate of nanobacteria in the calcified placenta and umbilical cord blood was significantly higher than that of the normal placenta [11]. These showed that NB was closely related to the placenta calcification. We speculated that nanobacteria may induce trophoblastic cell cytotoxicity, which resulted in the placenta calcification. The cytotoxic effects induced by NB were stronger than those
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