Abstract
Cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells was evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 h of culture. The TiO2 thin films were deposited using direct current magnetron sputtering. These films were post-deposition annealed at different temperatures (300, 500 and 800 °C) toward the anatase to rutile phase transformation. The root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness of TiO2 films went from 2.8 to 8.08 nm when the annealing temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed that the TiO2 films’ thickness values fell within the nanometer range (290–310 nm). Based on the results of the tetrazolium dye and trypan blue assays, we found that TiO2 thin films showed no cytotoxicity after the aforementioned culture times at which cell viability was greater than 98%. Independently of the annealing temperature of the TiO2 thin films, the number of CHO-K1 cells on the control substrate and on all TiO2 thin films was greater after 48 or 72 h than it was after 24 h; the highest cell survival rate was observed in TiO2 films annealed at 800 °C. These results indicate that TiO2 thin films do not affect mitochondrial function and proliferation of CHO-K1 cells, and back up the use of TiO2 thin films in biomedical science.
Highlights
The applications of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) films include photocatalysis, photoelectrolysis, and the manufacture of sensors and solar cells
These films were suitable for the culture of functional living neurons that display normal electrical behavior [12]. On account of these findings, we proposed these TiO2 thin films to be deposited on the microelectrode surface and the readout circuit of complementary metal oxide semiconductor and micro-electromechanical systems (CMOS-MEMS) for biomedical applications [12,13], for which evaluation of their potential cytotoxicity is required
CHO-K1 cells cultured on the control and on the TiO2 thin film surfaces showed no ostensive morphological differences (Figure 1)
Summary
The applications of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) films include photocatalysis, photoelectrolysis, and the manufacture of sensors and solar cells. TiO2 is used as a matrix to produce biosensors because of its high conductivity, chemical stability, and good biocompatibility [7]. These sensors can be used in the detection of tumor markers such as the carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein [8,9,10] as well as in photodynamic therapy for cancer, and in drug delivery systems [11]. Previous studies have shown that the surface of TiO2 thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering had good quality, homogeneity, roughness, and biocompatibility
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