Abstract
Despite clinical advances in anticancer therapy, there is still a need for novel anticancer metabolites, with higher efficacy and lesser side effects. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. is a small tree of the Bignoniaceae family which is well known for its food and medicinal properties. In present study, the chemopreventive properties of O. indicum hot and cold non-polar extracts (petroleum ether and chloroform) were investigated with MDA- MB-231 (cancer cells) and WRL-68 (non-tumor cells) by XTT assay. All the extracts, and particularly the petroleum ether hot extract (PHO), exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 when compared to WRL-68 cells. PHO was then tested for apoptosis induction in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (MDA-MB-231) and ER-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells by cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA, where it proved more efficient in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, when PHO was tested for anti-metastatic potential in a cell migration inhibition assay, it exhibited beneficial effects. Thus non-polar extracts of O. indicum (especially PHO) can effectively target ER-negative breast cancer cells to induce apoptosis, without harming normal cells by cancer-specific cytotoxicity. Hence, it could be considered as an extract with candidate precursors to possibly harness or alleviate ER-negative breast cancer progression even in advanced stages of malignancy.
Highlights
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and its metastatic malignancy is being a major cause of mortality since years (Venkatesan et al, 2011; Kimman et al, 2012)
petroleum ether hot extract (PHO) was tested for apoptosis induction in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (MDA-MB-231) and ER-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells by cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA, where it proved more efficient in the MDA-MB-231 cells
Use of medicinal plants as an approach in prevention and treatment of cancer is being followed since thousands of years
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and its metastatic malignancy is being a major cause of mortality since years (Venkatesan et al, 2011; Kimman et al, 2012). Several known metabolites possessing anticancer properties, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids were isolated from natural sources (Kintzios, 2006; Park et al, 2008) Cytotoxic phytochemicals such as vinca alkaloids or paclitaxel (Taxol) are often used in oncology as highly potent drugs and/or serve as model for synthetic compounds (Pandi et al, 2011; Huang et al, 2012). 56.3 on human breast cancer cells (Lambertini et al, 2004) The samples were stored in a vacuum desiccator at room and anti-inflammatory activity Stem bark powder was serially polar extracts unlike our study using non-polar extracts extracted with petroleum ether and chloroform in a ratio from the same plant. Formazan dye formation assay (Weislow et al, 1989)
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