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Abstract
A series of newly synthesized organotin (IV) with N-alkyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate ligands namely triphenyltin (IV) ethylphenyldithiocarbamate (compo und 1) and triphenyltin (IV) butylphenyldithiocarbamate (compound 2) were assessed for their cytotoxic effect against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and human CCD-18Co normal colon cells. The cytotoxicity of these organotins in both cells was assessed using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazholium bromide (MTT) assay upon 24 h treatment. Both compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxicity towards HT-29 cells with the IC 50 of 0.18 µM for compound 1 and 0.20 µM for compound 2. Interestingly, compound 1 exhibited lower cytotoxicity towards CCD-18Co with IC 50 of 1.55 µM whereas no IC 50 was detected for compound 2 up to 2 µM treatment. The mode of cell death was determined based on the externalization of phosphatidylserine using flow cy tometry. Cells treated with compound 1 and compound 2 were mainly viable and the apoptotic cell death was around 10% which suggests that both compounds induced growth arrest. In conclusion, thi s study demonstrated that both compounds were selective towards human colorectal cells by giving a strong cytotoxicity to cancer cells and low toxic ity towards normal cells. Both compounds were suggested to induce growth arrest in HT-29 cells.
Highlights
IntroductionThe world cancer statistic in 2008 has estimated 12.66 million people were diagnosed with cancer
In contrast to HT-29, only compound 1 gave high cytotoxicity towards CCD-18Co cells with IC50 valueof 1.55 μM upon 24 h of treatment (Fig. 4)
Several organotin compounds synthesized by our group showed significant cytotoxicity towards HepG2 hepatocarcinoma, Jurkat T lymphoblastic, chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) and thymoma murine (WEHI 7.2) cell lines (Kamaludin et al, 2013)
Summary
The world cancer statistic in 2008 has estimated 12.66 million people were diagnosed with cancer. Among all types of cancers, colorectal cancer being the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy. An approximately 1.24 million people were suffered with this type of cancer throughout the year, accounting for 10% of overall cancer cases Cancer Research UK, 2011. The mortality resulted from cancers were 7.56 million cancerare crucially needed and many researchers are currently paying a great attention into this matter. The current treatment used forcolorectal cancers are surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapies (Hagan et al, 2013). Surgery excision remains as a basis for cancer treatment especially at the early stages of colorectal cancer (Hagan et al, 2013).
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