Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium silicate-based cements on an osteoblast lineage.

Ana Lívia Gomes-Cornélio,Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru,Carlos Rossa Junior,Elisandra Márcia Rodrigues,Leticia Boldrin Mestieri,Mário Tanomaru Filho,Thaís De Oliveira Rodrigues Sanzovo Falcoski,Christiane Pienna Soares

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0048

Ana Lívia Gomes-Cornélio, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0048

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Abstract

Several calcium silicate-based biomaterials have been developed in recent years, in addition to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis in human osteoblast cells (SAOS-2) of pure calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and modified formulations: modified calcium silicate-based cements (CSCM) and three resin-based calcium silicate cements (CSCR1) (CSCR 2) (CSCR3). The following tests were performed after 24 hours of cement extract exposure: methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), apoptosis/necrosis assay and comet assay. The negative control (CT-) was performed with untreated cells, and the positive control (CT+) used hydrogen peroxide. The data for MTT and apoptosis were submitted to analysis of variance and Bonferroni's posttest (p < 0.05), and the data for the comet assay analysis, to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). The MTT test showed no significant difference among the materials in 2 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL concentrations. CSCR3 showed lower cell viability at 10 mg/mL. Only CSC showed lower cell viability at 50 mg/mL. CSCR1, CSCR2 and CSCR3 showed a higher percentage of initial apoptosis than the control in the apoptosis test, after 24 hours exposure. The same cements showed no genotoxicity in the concentration of 2 mg/mL, with the comet assay. CSC and CSCR2 were also not genotoxic at 10 mg/mL. All experimental materials showed viability with MTT. CSC and CSCR2 presented a better response to apoptosis and genotoxicity evaluation in the 10 mg/mL concentration, and demonstrated a considerable potential for use as reparative materials.

Highlights

An innovative repair material was developed in 1993 at the University of Loma Linda, called Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA).[1]
Comet Assay All of the calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) evaluated, with the exception of the pure CSC, presented genotoxicity in the concentration of 50 mg/mL, compared with the control, whereas CSC and CSCR2 presented no genotoxicity in the concentration of 10 mg/mL, compared with the negative control
Apoptosis Assay Histograms were used to represent the percentage of viable osteoblast cells (SAOS-2), and analyze the initial and final stage of apoptosis and necrosis, within a 24-hour period

Summary

Introduction

An innovative repair material was developed in 1993 at the University of Loma Linda, called Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA).[1] MTA has been used successfully for apexification, internal root resorption, endodontic surgery, sealing of perforations, and as a pulp-capping material.[2] Fine particles of tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminum, tricalcium oxide and other oxide materials, in addition to bismuth oxide, which promotes the radiopacity of cement, make up the composition of MTA powder, which sets on contact with water.[3] MTA is a non-cytotoxic reparative material. With excellent biological properties.[4] MTA contributes to reducing inflammation and necrosis levels. The use of MTA as pulp-capping material induces the formation of a dentin bridge, allowing repair and pulp vitality.[5] Various studies have shown that the physicochemical and biological properties of MTA are similar to those of Portland Cement (PC), a calcium silicate-based cement (CSC).[6,7]

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