Abstract
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer (i.e., Sealer Plus BC) in comparison with those of MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. L929 fibroblasts were cultured and Alamar Blue was used to evaluate cell viability of diluted extracts (1:50, 1:100, and 1:200) from each sealer at 24 h. Polyethylene tubes that were filled with material or empty (as a control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 d (n = 8), and the tubes were removed for histological analysis. Parametric data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, and nonparametric data was analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). A reduction in cell viability was observed in the extracts that were more diluted for Sealer Plus BC when compared to that of Control and AH Plus (p < 0.05). However, the 1:50 dilution of the Sealer Plus BC was similar to that of the Control (p > 0.05). Conversely, more diluted extracts of MTA Fillapex (1:200) and AH Plus (1:100 and 1:200) were similar to the Control (p > 0.05). Histological analysis performed at 7 d did not indicate any significant difference between tissue response for all materials, and the fibrous capsule was thick (p > 0.05). At 30 d, Sealer Plus BC was similar to the Control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex and AH Plus exhibited greater inflammation than the Control (p < 0.05). The fibrous capsule was thin for the Control and for most specimens of Sealer Plus BC and AH Plus. Thus, Sealer Plus BC is biocompatible when compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, and it is less cytotoxic when less-diluted extracts are used.
Highlights
Alamar Blue assay exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability stimulated by the Sealer Plus BC extract (1:100 and 1:200), Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex (1:50 and 1:100), and AH Plus (1:50) relative to the Control group (p < 0.05)
A greater percentage of viability was identified on the L929 fibroblast that grew in the presence of the AH Plus extract when compared with that of the Sealer Plus BC (1:100 and 1:200) and MTA Fillapex (1:100) (p < 0.05)
After 7 d of the implantation, a severe inflammatory response was observed in the Sealer Plus BC group, moderate inflammatory response was observed in the MTA Fillapex and AH Plus groups, and mild inflammation was observed in the Control group
Summary
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in fibroblastic lineage cells of the new formulation for a bioceramic endodontic sealer, namely the Sealer Plus BC, when compared to the already examined MTA Fillapex.
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