Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effect of A. crispa extract and its solvent partition (ethyl acetate and aqueous extract) against Mus musculus mammary carcinoma cell line (4T1). The normal mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) was used as comparison for selective cytotoxicity properties. The cytotoxicity evaluation was assessed using MTT assay. AO/PI dual fluorescent staining assay and Annexin V-FITC were used for apoptosis analysis. Results showed that 80% methanol extract from leaves showed most promising antimammary cancer agent with IC50 value of 42.26 ± 1.82 μg/mL and selective index (SI) value of 10.22. Ethyl acetate was cytotoxic for both cancer and normal cell while aqueous extract exhibited poor cytotoxic effect. 4T1 cells labelled with AO/PI and Annexin V-FITC and treated with 80% methanol extract demonstrated that the extract induces apoptosis to 4T1 mammary cancer cells. In conclusion, 80% methanol extract of A. crispa was selectively cytotoxic towards 4T1 cells but less cytotoxic towards NIH3T3 cells and induced the cancerous cells into apoptotic stage as early as 6 hours.
Highlights
The inhibitory concentration (IC50) and survivability (CC50) of the cell versus various extract treatment were constructed through linear regression principle (Figures 1 and 2)
The results demonstrated that 80% extract shows the highest inhibitory level on cancer cell and survivability rate on normal cell, making it able to be considered as a potential antimammary cancer agent
The results showed that as 80% methanol extract underwent solvent partitioning with ethyl acetate and aqueous extract, the IC50 values are getting higher indicating that cytotoxicity effect is weak
Summary
DC., a family member of Myrsinaceae, is a plant that is widely distributed over Asian countries including Malaysia, Japan, India, and Indonesia. This plant is known by variety of names such as Coral Ardisia, Coral Bush, Christmas Berry, and Hen’s eyes. The roots of the plant were boiled and have been used for herbal preparation for treatment of numerous human ailments. The roots of this plant species were claimed by traditional practitioners to possess numerous therapeutic benefits such as ability to treat fever, rheumatism, cough, diarrhoea, menstrual pain, pain, insect bites, and swelling and to improve general blood circulation.
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