Cytotoxic Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Annona squamosa L. Fermented Cotyledon

Christianah Dare ,Abdulqudus Ayanwale

doi:10.21608/eajbsh.2021.187544

Christianah Dare , Abdulqudus Ayanwale

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsh.2021.187544

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Abstract

The present study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Annona squamosa L. using Allium cepa test and Brine Shrimp Lethality assay. Fresh and ripe sugar apple fruits were collected from an orchard at Ota-Efun, Olorunda Local Government, Osogbo, Nigeria (07o 32¢ 30.2496² N, 04o 31¢ 41.7036² E) and their identity authenticated at IFE Herbarium, Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo, University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The seeds were collected, fermented locally for 7days, and oven-dried. The cotyledon was separated from the seed coat, pulverized, defatted, and exhaustively extracted with 80% ethanol. The extract was concentrated and air-dried and named Annona squamosa Fermented Cotyledon Hydroalcoholic Extract (AFCHE). The extract was screened for phytoconstituents on GC-MS machine. Allium cepa test and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used to screen for the cytotoxic potential of AFCHE. The root length and protein concentration of the onion root after 7 days of exposure showed a significant decrease with an increase in AFCHE concentration and an increase in percentage growth inhibition of the root. The LC50 obtained from the brine shrimp lethality bioassay qualified AFCHE as a highly toxic substance and a good anticancer agent worth screening.

Highlights

Cancer is the second reason for death worldwide
The use of medicinal plants as an approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer has been followed for many years and many therapeutic plants with anticancer activity are reported in the literature (Hekin et al, 2018)
Adverse effects and drug interactions are major restrictions in synthetic anticancer drugs; plants have been investigated across the world to exploit novel and potential sources of anticancer agents (Ntungwe et al, 2020)

Summary

Introduction

Conventional therapies for cancer include surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy which are used as single or combinatorial therapy have some side effects (Dutta et al, 2019). A few examples are studies examining the effects of toxic plants (Pesnya et al, 2017), nanoparticles (Yekeen et al, 2017), synthetic plant hormones such as etephon (Yavuz and Kiliç, 2017), industrial waste (Dutta et al, 2018), aquatic environmental samples (Zotina et al, 2015), etc. The lethality of the test sample in a simple zoological organism like the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) has been utilised by many researchers and has proven to be a useful

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Conclusion