Abstract
Kelulut honey or stingless bee honey is a type of honey produced by stingless bees of the Trigona species where the nest is found in living trees. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Malaysian Kelulut honey by employing MTT assay on a human gingival fibroblast cell line. Methods: Human gingival fibroblast cell line was cultured in minimal essential medium alpha (α-MEM) with 10% foetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere. The cells were seeded at a cell density of 5x103 cells/well in a 96-well culture plate for 24 hours. The cells were treated with seven different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125mg/ml) of Malaysian Kelulut honey and incubated in a CO2 incubator. The negative control comprised cells treated with growth media alone. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The test plate was shaken using a microplate shaker and the absorbance of the solution was measured at 570nm using an ELISA reader with the Magellan software. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis test and SPSS 24.0.0 for Windows. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was no cytotoxic effect of Malaysian Kelulut honey on HGF-1 based on the MTT assay at different concentrations and at different time points tested as the cell viability was above 70%. The highest percentage of cell viability at all three different durations of treatment were observed at 3.125mg/ml, whereas the lowest cell viability was observed at 200mg/ml of Kelulut honey concentration. However, statistically significant differences were seen between some of the concentrations at various time points. Conclusion: Since the cell viability of HGF-1 treated with Malaysian Kelulut honey was more than 70% at all concentrations ranging from 3.125mg/ml to 200mg/ml at three different time points (24, 48 and 72 hours), Malaysian Kelulut honey can be considered as non-cytotoxic on human gingival fibroblasts based on MTT assay under the present test conditions
Highlights
Kelulut honey or stingless bee honey is a type of honey produced by stingless bees of the Trigona species where the nest is found in living trees.[1]
Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs)-1 were cultured until confluence in complete media comprising minimal essential medium alpha (α-MEM) (Gibco, Life Technologies, USA) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, Life Technologies, USA), 1% penicillin (10000 units/ml) - streptomycin (10000 μg/ml) (Gibco, Life Technologies, USA) in a 5% CO2 incubator (Nuaire, USA) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere
With regard to the nutritional composition, Kelulut honey showed high content of carbohydrate ranging from 67.20±0.11 to 73.01±0.35 g/100 g, potassium (701.33±26.27mg/kg), calcium (292.67±1.17mg/kg), magnesium (51.61±0.08mg/kg) and zinc (5.33±0.36mg/kg), while the phytochemical analysis showed that the total flavonoids and phenolic compounds ranged from 53.81±4.12 to 549.05±9.74 mg rutin/kg and 357.14±3.57 to 520.83±4.49mg gallic acid/ kg respectively depending on the various solvents used for extraction.[18]
Summary
Kelulut honey or stingless bee honey is a type of honey produced by stingless bees of the Trigona species where the nest is found in living trees.[1] Kelulut honey is characterised by its significant amount of flavour and fragrant qualities. It consists of high sugar content i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose, as well as nonaromatic organic acids such as D-gluconic acid, malic acid and citric acid. This test offers many ways of Journal of Dentistry Indonesia 2021, Vol 28, No 2, 88-93 detecting cell damage like monitoring morphological changes, cell growth and measurement of metabolic properties.[5,6,7] MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) is one of the cytotoxic assays widely used in assessing cell viability and proliferation assay.[8,9,10,11] Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are important cellular components involved in periodontal tissue repair
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