Abstract
Commiphora myrrh resin (Myrrh) has been used in traditional Arabic medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Two furano-sesquiterpenoids, 2-methoxyfuranodiene (CM1) and 2-acetoxyfuranodiene (CM2), were isolated from the chloroform fraction of the ethanolic extract of Arabic Commiphora myrrh resin. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using human liver carcinoma, breast cancer cells (HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cell lines. The development toxicity and anti-angiogenic activity of both compounds were also evaluated using zebrafish embryos. Cell survival assays demonstrated that both compounds were highly cytotoxic in HepG2 and MCF7 cells, with IC50 values of 3.6 and 4.4 µM, respectively. Both compounds induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in treated HepG2 cells, which was observed using flow cytometric analysis. The development toxicity in zebrafish embryos showed the chronic toxicity of both compounds. The toxicity was only seen when the embryos remained exposed to the compounds for more than three days. The compound CM2 showed a significant level of anti-angiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish embryos at sublethal doses. Thus, we demonstrated the cytotoxic properties of both compounds, suggesting that the molecular mechanism of these compounds should be further assessed.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide
2 of and medicinal properties of the biologically active constituents have been described in various in vitro a medicinal plant, which is known to produce a type of aromatic oleoand inmyrrh vivo
The is anti-proliferative activities of different Commiphora species have gum resin known as myrrh, that grows in Yemen and the southern regions of Saudi Arabia [3]
Summary
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2018, 18.1 million new cases and9.6 million deaths were reported globally [1]. Commiphora myrrh (family: Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant, which is known to produce a type of aromatic oleo-gum resin known as myrrh, that grows in Yemen and the southern regions of Saudi Arabia [3]. The is anti-proliferative activities of different Commiphora species have gum resin known as myrrh, that grows in Yemen and the southern regions of Saudi Arabia [3]. The information regarding the compounds responsible for myrrh toxicity the years, it has been claimed that myrrh is very safe for human and animal use, and the medicinal remains lacking.ofRecently, the adverse effects of high of the essential oilsinofvitro myrrh properties the biologically active constituents havedoses been described in various and in in mice vivo have been reported [10].The
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