Cytotoxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanaoparticles Synthesized by Laser Technique on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Hep-2 Cell Line

Abstract

This study assay the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on peripheral blood lymphocytes and Hep-2 cell by measuring Mitotic Index (MI), Blastogenic Index (BI), Total Chromosomal Aberration (TCA) and growth rate of cancer cells. TiO2NPs were synthesized using laser technique by ablation of titanium target immersed in distilled de-ionized water (DDW) using Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser with repetition rate of 1 Hz, wavelength of 1064 nm, 300 pulses and energy of 400 mJ. Chromosomal analyses were carried out at different concentrations of synthesized TiO2 NPs (0.0, 45, 90, and 180) µg/mL. X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited anatase phase of prepared TiO2NPs and showed that the crystalline structures of TiO2NPs is tetragonal. Absorption spectrum of TiO2 NPs was at ultraviolet-region 215 nm due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and the particles size distribution of the prepared TiO2NPs ranged from 40 to 110 nm. Finding showed that both MI and BI suffered from high reduction while TCA suffered from significant elevation represented by Chromatid Breaks (CB), Micronuclei (MN) and Ring Chromosome (RC). The highest proportion of (TCA) has been observed in 180 µg/mL of TiO2NPs, (significant at p ≤ 0.05). while the toxic effects of prepared TiO2NPs on Hep-2 cell line represent decline in growth rate with an increase in concentration of TiO2NPs with malformation in the cell structure and shape and placement of the nucleus. The ablation via Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has adequacy to prepare TiO2NPs with 215 nm absorption spectrum, nearly spherical particles and suitable particle size (40–110 nm). In vitro assay showed that prepared TiO2 NPs have significant cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood lymphocyte and Hep-2 cell line by reduction in both Mitotic index (MI) and blastogenic index (BI) and growth rate of cancer cells.