Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of three natural bioactive compounds (and their combinations) on normal vs. tumour-transformed mouse cells. The cytotoxic effect of Aeruginosin-865 (Aer), capsaicin (Cap), resveratrol (Res) and their combinations was evaluated on normal hepatocytes (AML) and tumour cells derived from livers (Hepa) and kidneys (Renca). Various concentrations from 25 to 200 μM of tested substances were used. Only the Aer + Res combination and a low concentration of Res had a significant cytotoxic effect on Hepa and Renca and no significant cytotoxic effect on AML. Cap had a significant cytotoxic effect on all tested cell lines, but tumour-derived cells showed higher resistance than AML. A significantly increased cytotoxicity was found in the combination of Cap + Res compared to each substance alone. All types of cells showed similar sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of Cap + Res. Because of a possible hepatotoxic effect, we recommend further investigations into side-effects of Cap + Res. No cytotoxic effect was described in Cap + Aer or in Aer alone. Only substances with a significant cytotoxic effect on tumour cells and no cytotoxic effect on normal cells can be potentially used in anticancer treatment. According to the results, only Res or the combination of Aer + Res can be recommended for further evaluation in the process of new anticancer drug development. The potential hepatotoxic effect of Cap + Res can significantly limit the utilisation of these substances in anticancer treatment.
Highlights
Interesting biological properties such as antiproliferative, antioxidant or cytotoxic activities are offered by various natural substances
The cytotoxic effect of Aeruginosin-865 (Aer), capsaicin (Cap), resveratrol (Res) and their combinations was evaluated on normal hepatocytes (AML) and tumour cells derived from livers (Hepa) and kidneys (Renca)
Whereas cytotoxicity was confirmed in tumour-transformed mouse fibroblasts (Veselá et al 2018), no cytotoxic effect was observed in normal mouse fibroblasts (Veselá et al 2018), in human hepatoma cells (Faltermann et al 2016) or in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (Kapuścik et al 2013)
Summary
Interesting biological properties such as antiproliferative, antioxidant or cytotoxic activities are offered by various natural substances. The aim of this study was to describe a possible cytotoxic effect of Aeruginosin-865, capsaicin, and resveratrol on tumour cell lines in contrast to normal hepatocytes. Most of the studies evaluating anticancer properties of Cap confirmed a selective inhibitory effect on cancer cells, whereas the viability and growth was not disrupted in normal cells (Bley et al 2012; Sharma et al 2013). Other studies reported very low sensitivity to Cap treatment in normal cells in contrast to tumour cells (Galati and O’Brien 2003; Bu et al 2015; Veselá et al 2018). Res was shown to inhibit growth and proliferation in many cancer cell lines with limited cytotoxicity toward normal cells (Varoni et al 2016; Ferraz da Costa et al 2017; Veselá et al 2018). The effect of Res on the cell viability was dose-dependent (Lee and Kim 2011; Gweon and Kim 2013; Veselá et al 2018)
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