Abstract
Nine dimeric xanthanolides, pungiolides F–N, and five known analogues, pungiolides A–E, were isolated from fruits of Xanthium chinense. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Pungiolide F is a xanthanolide dimer with an acyclic linkage. Five of the dimers, pungiolides H, L, A, C and E, exhibited moderate cytotoxicities with IC50 values in the range of 0.90–6.84 μM using taxol as the positive control, which had, by comparison, IC50 values in the range of 0.00118–0.0675 μM. These findings enrich the structural diversity of dimeric sesquiterpene lactones.
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