Cytotoxic Assay of Semipolar Fraction Of Ethanolic Extract From Sugar Apple (Annona Squamosa L.) Stem Bark on T47D Cells

Cita Hanif Muflihah,Peni Indrayudha,Haryoto Haryoto

doi:10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.12268

Cita Hanif Muflihah, Peni Indrayudha + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.12268

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Abstract

Previous research has shown that some compounds in leaves and seeds of sugar apple have a cytotoxic activity. The aim of this research was to determine the cytotoxicity of semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple stem bark (Annona squamosa L.) on T47D cancer cells. The semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple stem bark was collected by fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) with hexane:ethyl acetic (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) as mobile phase. Cytotoxicity from the fractions of five different concentration namely; 25, 50, 100, 150, and 250, µg/mL was measured by MTT assay. The potency of the cytotoxicity was defined by the ability of the fraction to inhibit the growth of T47D cells indicated by the value of IC50. Qualitative analysis of contained compounds in the fraction was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method using silica gel F 254 as a stationary phase and hexane:ethyl acetic (7:3) as a mobile phase. UV 254 and 366 nm lamp also Dragendorff, citroboric, and FeCl3 spray reagents were used to visualize the spots of the secondary metabolites. The result proved that the semipolar fraction of ethanolic extract from sugar apple stem bark showed potential cytotoxicity on T47D cancer cells with IC50value of 70,77 µg/mL. Qualitative analysis showed that the fraction contained flavonoids and alkaloids which is presumably responsible for its cytotoxic activity.

Highlights

The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia ranks at the top ten, reigning as the eight in Southeast Asia
Based on the previous findings, it could be concluded that the parts of sugar apple plant have diverse advantages, this research was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of semipolar fraction of ethanol extract from sugar apple’s stem bark against T47D cells
We focused on evaluating the semipolar fraction of the extract

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia ranks at the top ten, reigning as the eight in Southeast Asia It increased from 1,4 per 1000 in 2013 to 1,79 per 1000 citizens in 2018, with 42,1 per 100.000 cases was caused by breast cancer that contributes to the 17 in 100.000 of deaths in woman (Kementrian Kesehatan RI, 2019). The main goal for cancer therapy is to eradicate the cancerous cells by means of killing the cells or removing the cells (Sullivan et al, 2015). This can be achieved by surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. One of the potential natural sources is sugar apple (Annona squmosa L.)

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