Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, and Anticoagulant Potential of Phytochemicals from Simarouba glauca Leaf Extract

Abstract

This study’s primary objectives were to evaluate phytochemical screening and identify therapeutic uses for the herb Simarouba glauca. By employing a Soxhlet apparatus, the leaves were extracted using ethyl acetate. Standard techniques were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis to screen the presence of secondary metabolites. The agar plate method was used to test for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The antidiabetic activity aimed to identify the alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition that is most effective at regulating blood glucose levels. The DPPH assay was used to screen the antioxidant activity. The extract’s bioactive components were purified using column and thin-layer chromatography. Simarouba glauca extract was tested for its cytotoxic property on the lung cancer cell line (A549) using the MTT assay. To find the phytocompounds present in the extract, GC-MS analysis was carried out. Anticoagulation activity was carried out to assess the prothrombin time of blood and therapeutic applications such as anthelminthic activity were determined by determining the time of death of parasites like earthworms. The tested extract showed considerable cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anticoagulant activity.