Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of&lt;i&gt; Antidesma thwaitesianum&lt;/i&gt; Müll Arg (Euphorbiaceae) Fruit and Fruit Waste Extracts

P Phuaklee,P Hansakul,O Prajuabjinda,A Itharat,T Juckmeta,B Dechayont

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v14i4.10

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the fruit and fruit waste (residue and marc) extracts of Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg., known as mamao in Thai, using chemical and cell-based assays.Methods: The cytotoxicity of mamao fruit and fruit waste extracts obtained by expression, maceration and decoction against a panel of six human cancer cell lines (COR-L23, A549, LS174T, PC-3, MCF7 and HeLa) was determined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. In addition, their antioxidant activities were measured by chemical methods: 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and cell-based methods: nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction assay and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed colorimetrically at 765 nm and 415 nm respectively.Results: Among the test extracts, the ethanol extracts of fresh fruits (FME) and marc left after squeezing fresh fruits (MME) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human breast MCF7 cells while the extract obtained by decocting the residue left after maceration of dried fruits (RDW) was moderately cytotoxic to lung large cell carcinoma COR-L23 cells. In the chemical assays, the extract obtained by decocting the residue left after maceration of dried marc (RMW) displayed the strongest ABTS radicalscavenging and ferric-reducing activities among the extracts. In the cell-based assays, however, FME and DME exerted potent nitric oxide scavenging activity whereas the extract obtained by decocting the residue left after maceration of fresh fruits (RFW) showed moderate superoxide radical-scavenging activity relative to the test extracts. The ABTS radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing activities of these extracts strongly correlate with their phenolic and flavonoid contents, indicating their specific contributions to such activities.Conclusion: The ethanol extracts of fresh and dried mamao fruits exhibit both cytotoxic and cellular antioxidant activities, and thus possess great potentials for application in the development of effective dietary supplements to prevent oxidative stress-induced diseases.Keywords: Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg., Cytotoxicity, Lung cell carcinoma, Antioxidant activity, Cellular assays

Highlights

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants [1]
Fresh fruits were hand-squeezed to yield juice (FSW), which was subsequently filtered through Whatman no. 1 filter paper
The ethanol extracts of fresh fruits (FME) and marc left after squeezing fresh fruits (MME) exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on human breast MCF7 cells with an IC50 < 100 μg/mL

Summary

Introduction

Oxidants that produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in particular via oxidation reactions are extremely reactive and able to react with biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants that can slow or prevent such various reactions [2]. Due to insufficient or ineffective antioxidants, excess free radicals can cause oxidative damage implicated in many diseases including cancer [3]. In this regard, plant-derived antioxidants have attracted much attention because of their potential antioxidant activities and safety for consumption[4]. The present study is the first to determine the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of mamao fruit and fruit waste extracts obtained by different extraction methods using chemical and cellbased assays

Methods

Results

Conclusion