Abstract
The organic extract of liquid cultures of the marine-derived Penicillium sp. was investigated. Fractionation of the extracts of the fungus led to the purification and identification of two new compounds, penicillatides A (1) and B (2), together with the previously reported cyclo(R-Pro–S-Phe) (3) and cyclo(R-Pro–R-Phe) (4). The structures of compounds 1–4 were assigned by extensive interpretation of their NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of the compounds against three human cancer cell lines as well as their antimicrobial activity against several pathogens were evaluated. Compounds 2–4 displayed variable cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Highlights
Members of the genus Penicillium are among the most investigated fungi by natural products chemists and are considered a major source for drug discovery
The genus Penicillium still represents a major producer of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities, as reported in many recent reviews [1,2,3,4,5]
A significantly increased interest in secondary metabolites from marine microbes has been reported [2]. 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) are obtained from different organisms, including marine microbes. They represent an important group of cyclic dipeptides with diverse structures and significant biological activities [2]
Summary
Members of the genus Penicillium are among the most investigated fungi by natural products chemists and are considered a major source for drug discovery. The genus Penicillium still represents a major producer of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities, as reported in many recent reviews [1,2,3,4,5]. 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) are obtained from different organisms, including marine microbes. They represent an important group of cyclic dipeptides with diverse structures and significant biological activities [2]. Our growing interest in identifying secondary metabolites from marine microbes resulted in the identification of several compounds with different bioactivities [13,14,15,16,17]. The structural determinations and the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the compounds are reported.
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