Abstract
<p>This study was conducted to evaluate <em>Gaultheria trichophylla</em> crude extract and respective saponins fraction against human breast cancer cell lines. In MTT assay, cell viability was inhibited by <em>G. trichophylla</em> crude extract (500 µg/mL) and saponins (200 µg/mL) in a dose dependent manner with maximum inhibition of (82% and 85%) and (71% and 42%) against MCF-7 and MDA MB-468, respectively. In neutral red uptake assay, the cell viability was inhibited by crude extract and saponins (100 µg/mL) in a similar manner with maximum inhibitions of (96% and 93%) and (87% and 61%) against MCF-7 and MDA MB-468, respectively, with respect to 91% and 93% inhibition by actinomycin-D (4 µM). The DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) (10 µg/mL) staining of MCF-7 cells treated with crude saponins showed shrunken nuclei with apparent nuclear fragmentation indicating apoptosis and in contrast, MDA MB-468 showed necrosis mode of cell death. The study exhibited that the <em>G. trichophylla</em> provides new evidences to further explore this plant for the novel targets in anticancer drug development.</p>
Highlights
With more than 10 million new cases every year, cancer has become one of the most devastating diseases worldwide
MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells were purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, USA) through an authorized distributor, LGC Standards, Teddington, UK
MCF-7 and MDA MB-468 cells were inhibited by crude extract with a rate increasing with increasing concentration
Summary
With more than 10 million new cases every year, cancer has become one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. Natural products have been the source of most of the active ingredients of medicines. According to a report half of the drugs approved since 1994 are based on natural products. Thirteen natural-productrelated drugs were approved from 2005 to 2007. They cover a range of therapeutic indications, mainly the anti -cancer (Cragg et al, 1997). It is well known that in the past some medicinally important plants like Catharanthus roseus, Podophyllum peltatum and Taxus brevifolia and others provided therapeutically active metabolites which were used to control the advance stages of malignancies (Farnsworth and Soejarto, 1991). The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-cancer activity of extract and crude saponins fraction from Gaultheria trichophylla in cultured
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