Abstract
To analyze the long-term effects of antineoplastic treatments on patient fertility. The studies were selected through the New PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases along with references used for the creation of the present work. For the selection of studies, articles published between the periods from January 1, 2015 to April 6, 2020 in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages were used. As inclusion criteria: cohort studies and studies conducted in vitro. As exclusion criteria: review articles, reported cases, studies that do not address thematic reproduction, studies that do not address the cancer theme, articles that used animals, articles that address the preservation of fertility and articles in duplicate in the bases. The collected data included: age of the patient at the beginning of treatment, type of neoplasm, type of antineoplastic treatment, chemotherapy used, radiotherapy dosage, radiotherapy site, effect of antineoplastic agents on fertility and number of patients in the study. Thirty studies were evaluated, antineoplastic chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy modulate serum hormone levels, reduces germ cell quantities and correlated with an increase in sterility rates. The effects mentioned occur in patients in the prepubertal and postpubertal age. Antineoplastic treatments have cytotoxic effects on the germ cells leading to hormonal modulation, and pubertal status does not interfere with the cytotoxic action of therapies.
Highlights
Cancer (CA) is defined as a heterogeneous syndrome that evolves in several ways, this change being the result of a mutation in the activity of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.[1]
Antineoplastic treatments have cytotoxic effects on the germ cells leading to hormonal modulation, and pubertal status does not interfere with the cytotoxic action of therapies
1 - Studies: Clinical trials were used for the present review, verifying different toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy or chemotherapy used alone in fertility; 2 - Publication period: Articles published in the period between January 1, 2015 and April 6, 2020 were considered eligible for analysis; 3 - Language of studies: Studies in English and Spanish were used to make the present work; 4 - Intervention used: Clinical trials involving chemotherapy and radiotherapy or just chemotherapy showing their adverse effects both in vivo and in vitro
Summary
Cancer (CA) is defined as a heterogeneous syndrome that evolves in several ways, this change being the result of a mutation in the activity of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.[1]. The monitoring of the personal history of patients with CA is an object of great importance, since the increased risk of neoplasms may be directly associated with epidemiological risk factors such as cigarette use, alcoholism, obesity or genetic factors as predisposition to breast CA by the presence of the BRCA1 gene and translocation of the BCR-ABL gene to leukemias.[4] Because of this, the frequent rush to develop methodologies that promote improvement in the survival of these patients has made great leaps.[5]. Among the currently available therapeutic modalities, we can mention chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which cause several short-term effects accompanied by more serious adverse effects, such as cardiovascular activities, worsening renal function and nephrotoxicity.[6,7,8] In view of the above, therapies that aim to improve the chances of survival of the patient may end up having a significant weight, reducing their quality of life.[5]
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