Abstract
Isoamyl alcohol (IAA) induces pseudohyphae including cell elongation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Detailed regulation of microtubules and actin in developmental transition during cell elongation is poorly understood. Here, we show that although IAA did not affect the intracellular actin level, it reduced the levels of both α- and β-tubulins. In budding yeast, cytoplasmic microtubules are linked to actin via complexes consisting of at least Kar9, Bim1, and Myo2, and reach from the spindle pole body to the cortical attachment site at the bud tip. However, IAA did not affect migration of Myo2 to the bud tip and kept Kar9 in the interior portion of the cell. In addition, bud elongation was observed in Kar9-overexpressing cells in the absence of IAA. These results indicate that impairment of the link between cytoplasmic microtubules and actin is possibly involved in the lowered interaction of Myo2 with Kar9. Our study might explain the reason for delayed cell cycle during IAA-induced cell elongation.
Highlights
Actin cytoskeleton remains polarized throughout bud growth, and short complete and elongated spindles, indicating cell cycle arrest at S, G2, and metaphase, and anaphase, respectively, have been observed[19]
These results indicated that isoamyl alcohol (IAA) restricted cell division and delayed cell cycle
We found that IAA induced cell elongation and caused cell cycle arrest or delay at G2/M and abnormal nuclear division in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 1C,D), in accordance with previously reported results[3]
Summary
Actin cytoskeleton remains polarized throughout bud growth, and short complete and elongated spindles, indicating cell cycle arrest at S, G2, and metaphase, and anaphase, respectively, have been observed[19]. Fusel alcohols including isoamyl alcohol (IAA) induce filamentous growth under enriched conditions in both haploid and diploid cells[20]. These alcohols are produced by the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids as by-products of alcoholic fermentation[21]. Most reports on IAA-induced pseudohyphae focus on signalling cascades and the cellular response at the initiation or early stage of pseudohyphae formation[1,4]. During this response, yeast cells are thought to exhibit aberrant dynamics of the cytoskeleton, including actin and microtubules.
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