Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) has recently been applied to living cells and tissues and has emerged as a novel technology for medical applications. NTAPP affects cells not only directly, but also indirectly with previously prepared plasma-activated medium (PAM). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the preconditioning effects of “mild PAM” which was prepared under relatively mild conditions, on fibroblasts against cellular injury generated by a high dose of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We observed the preconditioning effects of mild PAM containing approximately 50 μM H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide needs to be the main active species in mild PAM for it to exert preconditioning effects because the addition of catalase to mild PAM eliminated these effects. The nuclear translocation and recruitment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) promoters and the up-regulation of HO-1 were detected in fibroblasts treated with mild PAM. The addition of ZnPP, a HO-1-specific inhibitor, or the knockdown of Nrf2 completely abrogated the preconditioning effects. Our results demonstrate that mild PAM protects fibroblasts from oxidative stress by up-regulating HO-1, and the H2O2-induced activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway needs to be involved in this reaction.
Highlights
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) has recently been applied to living cells and tissues and has emerged as a novel technology for medical applications
plasma-activated medium (PAM) used in previous studies contained approximately 500 to 600 μMH2O2, a concentration that was about 10-fold higher than that in mild PAM used in this study
The pretreatment with only. (f) After the pretreatment with mild PAM or DMEM for 6 h, fibroblasts were treated with DMEM10% FCS for 18 h and 500 μM H2O2 for 4 h in the presence or absence of 10 μM ZnPP, followed by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxic test
Summary
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) has recently been applied to living cells and tissues and has emerged as a novel technology for medical applications. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) has recently been applied to living cells and tissues[1] and has emerged as a novel technology for clinical medicine, for example, wound healing[2], blood coagulation[3], sterilization[4], and cancer treatments[1,5,6]. In these studies on its clinical application, a low dose of NTAPP was reported to induce the proliferation of cells, whereas a high dose induced apoptosis[7]. The stimulation of Phase II antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by PAM has recently been reported[31]
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