Cytoprotective Effects of Mangiferin and Z-Ligustilide in PAH-Exposed Human Airway Epithelium in Vitro

Dovilė Grauzdytė,Dainius Martuzevičius,Rūta Aldonytė,Petras Venskutonis,Daiva Bironaitė,Jovilė Raudoniūtė,Inga Stasiulaitienė,Ieva Kulvinskienė,Edvardas Bagdonas

doi:10.3390/nu11020218

Dovilė Grauzdytė, Dainius Martuzevičius + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020218

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Abstract

According to World Health Organisation (WHO) air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders, respiratory diseases, including COPD, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections, neuro-degenerative and other diseases. It is also known that various phytochemicals may mitigate such risks. This study tested if phytochemicals mangiferin (MNG) and Z-ligustilide (Z-LG) may protect PAH-exposed human lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Organic PAH extract was obtained from the urban fine PM with high benzo(a)pyrene content collected in Eastern European mid-sized city during winter heating season. Cell proliferation traits and levels of intracellular oxidative stress were examined. Effect of MNG (0.5 µg/mL) alone or in combination with PAH on bronchial epithelium wound healing was evaluated. Both phytochemicals were also evaluated for their antioxidant properties in acellular system. Treatment with MNG produced strong cytoprotective effect on PAH-exposed cells (p < 0.01) while Z-LG (0.5 µg/mL) exhibited strong negative effect on cell proliferation in untreated and PAH-exposed cells (p < 0.001). MNG, being many times stronger antioxidant than Z-LG in chemical in vitro assays (p < 0.0001), was also able to decrease PAH-induced oxidative stress in the cell cultures (p < 0.05). Consequently MNG ameliorates oxidative stress, speeds up wound healing process and restores proliferation rate in PAH-exposed bronchial epithelium. Such protective effects of MNG in air pollution affected airway epithelium stimulate further research on this promising phytochemical.

Highlights

Mitigation of the air pollution-linked adverse health effects is among the highest priorities of modern society in parallel with the efforts to reduce air pollution
PM1 collection due to the steep increase in air pollution during heating season which is typical for Eastern Europe
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-extracted content of PM1 was employed in cell biology studies; recovery coefficients of the individual Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the extract were

Summary

Introduction

Mitigation of the air pollution-linked adverse health effects is among the highest priorities of modern society in parallel with the efforts to reduce air pollution. Air pollution-exposed organisms and cells exhibit increased levels of oxidative stress, including mitochondrial dysfunction and augmented production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [4]. Data from large clinical trials further support an association of air pollution with circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans [5]. Growing body of evidence suggests that certain antioxidants may mitigate the risks of increased oxidative stress and subsequent development of pollution associated diseases, like cancer, COPD, cardiovascular disorders, cataract, age-related macular degeneration and other aging-related diseases [6]. Most of the human diseases associated with increased air pollution are defined by the irreversible chronic inflammation, which affects airways rendering them narrowed and obstructed and plays a crucial role in destruction of respiratory tissue, that is, alveoli [7]. Several studies have confirmed that some harmful effects of air pollution may be modified by the intake of fruits, vegetables, antioxidant vitamins such as C, E, β-carotene and polyunsaturated fatty acids [11–13]

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