Abstract
Treatment of common pathogens, such as Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., is a big challenge for a practitioner. Antibiotics’ side effects during their application for the treatment of infectious diseases should not be underestimated as they have many issues, such as the transfer of antibiotics-resistant genes, dysbiosis, and antibiotic-resistant strains, which is the main hurdle in the eradication of diseases. To avoid these antibiotics complications, in modern countries, the interest of using probiotics in feed supplementation to promote health and prevent or treat intestinal infectious diseases has been increasing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of three Lactobacilli strains isolated from clinically healthy dogs for their further utilization as a dietary supplement for dogs to avoid pathogenic and antibiotic complication. After 16SrRNA sequencing, in vitro tests were conducted to assess the survival potential of Lactobacilli under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and adhesion ability to the MODE-K cell line, effects on epithelial barrier function, anti-inflammatory activities, effects on host defensin peptides (beta-defensin 3), and inhibitory effects on common pathogens. Lactobacilli showed considerable potential to survive in simulated gastrointestinal environmental conditions, low pH, and high bile salt concentrations along with good adhesion properties with MODE-K cells. Pathogenic bacterial growth and their adhesion to MODE-K cells were significantly inhibited by Lactobacilli. Real-time PCR analyses further demonstrated that the L. acidophilus strain AR1 and AR3 inhibit Salmonella-induced proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) production and reinforce the expression of tight junction protein (occludin). None of the strains induce mRNA expression of beta-defensin 3 in MODE-K cells. Based on the in vitro results, the L. acidophilus strain AR1 has the potential to be supplemented in canine feed. However, further in vivo studies investigating health-promoting effects are awaited.
Highlights
The use of probiotic microorganisms in animal and human nutrition to improve health [4] as well as to control pathogenic infectious diseases has become an area of great research activity [5]
For any good probiotics candidates, the adhesion abilities to the intestinal epithelium, potential to fortify the barrier function, antimicrobial activities, high survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract, low pH, and activity during bile salt exposure are considered to be crucial for probiotics functionality [11–13]
The present study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic potential of Lactobacilli (L. acidophilus AR1, L. acidophilus AR2, L. fermentum AR3) isolated from dog feces
Summary
Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered to their host in an adequate amount confer a good health effect. The animal gastrointestinal tract is a very complex creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). The use of probiotic microorganisms in animal and human nutrition to improve health [4] as well as to control pathogenic infectious diseases has become an area of great research activity [5]. Antibiotics’ application as a feed additive or during infectious diseases has many side effects [6], i.e., long-lasting changes of the intestinal microbiota toward unhealthy patterns [7], intestinal barrier function damage [8], and many other problems, such as antibiotics residues in foodstuff, bone marrow toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephropathy, reproductive disorder, carcinogenicity, etc. For any good probiotics candidates, the adhesion abilities to the intestinal epithelium, potential to fortify the barrier function, antimicrobial activities, high survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract, low pH, and activity during bile salt exposure are considered to be crucial for probiotics functionality [11–13]
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