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Abstract
Our previous study showed that exposing mouse fibroblasts to proanthocyanidin (PA) for only 1 min accelerated cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study, exposing human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to PA for 1 min similarly accelerated the proliferative response of the cells. Besides the accelerated proliferative response, PA showed a cytoprotective effect on HGFs exposed to harsh environmental conditions; short-term exposure of HGFs in the mitotic phase to pure water or physiological saline resulted in a lower recovery of viable cells. Pretreatment and concomitant treatment with PA improved the low recovery of cells exposed to pure water or physiological saline. In addition, HGFs exposed to PA for 1 min proliferated well even after being cultured in serum-free medium. In 100% confluent HGFs, being cultured in serum-free medium resulted in a high intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, but pretreatment with PA prevented the cells from increasing intracellular ROS. Thus, the results suggest that a short-term PA treatment exerts cytoprotective effects on HGFs exposed to harsh environmental conditions by improving the intracellular oxidative stress response.
Highlights
Proanthocyanidin (PA) is a group of polyphenolic compounds that naturally occur in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and flowers [1]; PA is a polymer of flavan-3-ols, such as (+)-catechin, (2)epicatechin, and (2)-epicatechin gallate, with an average degree of polymerization between 2 and 17 [2,3]
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by hydrogen peroxide was significantly inhibited in the cells that were pretreated with PA for 1 min, suggesting that the PA that was incorporated into the cells within 1 min sufficiently exerted cytoprotective effects on the cells suffering from oxidative stress
We further examined the cytoprotective effect of short-term PA treatments on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) exposed to stressful conditions to search for a novel protective and therapeutic agent against oral injury
Summary
Proanthocyanidin (PA) is a group of polyphenolic compounds that naturally occur in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and flowers [1]; PA is a polymer of flavan-3-ols, such as (+)-catechin, (2)epicatechin, and (2)-epicatechin gallate, with an average degree of polymerization between 2 and 17 [2,3]. Cell proliferation after a 1-min PA pretreatment After cells reached the sub-confluent condition, the medium was replaced with sterile physiological saline or saline containing different concentrations of PA. After 1 min, the cells were washed and cultured in fresh medium for 24 h to determine the cell viability by the MTT assay.
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