Cytoplasmic segregation in onion root tip cells and formation of vacuoles

Abstract

Onion root tips were studied both with transmission and scanning electron microscope. The cells in the meristematic region of initials were found to be little vacuolated. At early stages of cell differentiation areas free of ribosomes are segregated in the cytoplasm. No (or only incomplete) membranes delimiting such areas could be distinguished in most cases. Seemingly, the membraneous structures may form later or simultaneously with the progress of breakdown of biostructure of the cytoplasm in the segregated area. The microscopic image of cytoplasm in the segregated areas (and even of the vacuolar sap at early stages of vacuole formation) resembles the matrix of cytoplasm populated with ribosomes. The cytoplasm in the whole central area is segregated at early stages of differentiation of root cap cells. The process of autophagic vacuoles formation in which the preexisting endomembranes seemingly are involved is described. It is proposed that such vacuoles may form after separation of two unit membranes of a cisternae surrounding a portion of the cytoplasm or an organelle, followed by independent growth of an outer unit membrane.