Cytomorphological study of intraabdominal lesions by FNAC

Abstract

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safe, low-cost and rapid procedure for diagnostic purpose which makes surgical intervention and exploratory laparotomy unnecessary. The deep seated organs like gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, retroperitoneum and ovary are sampled safely and routinely aspirated using the fine needle under radiological guidance. To assess the utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of intraabdominal lesions, to study the cytomorphological features and to determine the reliability of ultrasonography guided FNAC in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic intraabdominal mass lesions. The study included 48 intra-abdominal lesions which were detected clinically or radiologically. USG guided FNA was done whenever indicated. The smears were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin (H and E), May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou’s stains. Among 48 cases, 45 cases were usg-guided, 2 cases were blind and one case was intraoperative. The diagnostic yield of usg-guided FNAC was 84.4%.Majority of aspirations were done in the age group of 51-60 years with male:female ratio of 1:1.53. Most common organ subjected to FNA was Liver followed by ovary. Majority of the lesions were found to be malignant. The most common lesion encountered in the whole study was metastastatic carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a repeatable and rapid diagnostic procedure that has application in the evaluation of deep seated abdominal mass lesions. With the help of radiological guidance, diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of deep seated lesions dramatically increases.