Cytomorphological indicators of smears-prints of organs of laboratory animals as an additional method for assessing the toxic effect of heavy metal salts in the experiment

Abstract

Introduction. It is known that the influence of lead and cadmium is a risk factor for the health of workers in the copper smelting industry. The relationship between exposure to these metals and the subsequent development of diseases of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous system of a person was revealed. The study of the effects of lead and cadmium in an experiment on some organs of laboratory animals using the cytological method of smears-prints with morphometric analysis as an Express diagnostic method expands the possibilities of studying the toxic effects of heavy metal salts in various concentrations. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on outbred male rats (24 individuals in total) with an initial weight of 220-225 g, at the age of 3.5 months. 72 cytological preparations of smears-prints of organs (liver, kidneys) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of rats were studied. The smears were painted with a ready-made Leishman paint solution. Cytological features were studied in a Carl Zeiss Primo Star light binocular microscope with a USCMOS video camera imaging system at magnification of 100x and 1000x. In liver and kidney morphometry, the count was carried out for 200 cells from each drug, MLN for 100 cells. The data of cytomorphological examination of smears-prints of the liver, kidneys and MLN after exposure to cadmium and lead salts in the experiment were obtained. The main changes in the cellular ratios in preparations with subchronic intraperitoneal intoxication are described. Conclusions. The use of the smear-fingerprint method with cytomorphological assessment of cells in the study of the toxic effects of heavy metal salts allows us to obtain additional data on the activity of the pathological process and plays a role in understanding the mechanisms of exposure in the experiment.