Abstract
Background: CMV infection constitutes a real risk of pathogenecity in immunocompromised patient. HIV- infectedpatients who require transfusion are at high risk of developing symptomatic CMV infection when they are transfusedwith CMV-infected donor blood. This study intends to determine CMV infection risk in correlation with bloodtransfusion in a population of HIV- infected patientsMethods: The study was carried out amongst clients attending HIV clinic at Lagos University Teaching Hospital(LUTH), who were recruited consecutively. Replacement blood donors of the hospital were recruited as controls. Atotal of 10mls of blood sample was collected per consenting participant. The serum obtained from 5ml of blood wasassayed for CMV IgG/IgM using an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based Kit whilst full blood countand CD4 cell counts were also performed on the remaining 5mls.Results: A total of 129 HIV-infected were studied. All (100%) were IgG anti-CMV positive. 8 (6.6%) were IgM anti-CMV positive. This difference was found to be statistically significant P=0.004, (P<0.05). Of 122 replacement blooddonor controls, 118 (96%) of them were IgG anti-CMV positive whilst 26 (19.5%) of 121 were IgM anti-CMVpositive.The mean CD4+ cell count of HIV-infected patients was (234 ± 173.181). Previous history of bloodtransfusion did not affect CMV antibody positivity directly.Conclusion: The seroprevalence of CMV is very high in HIV-infected patients, which is comparable to theseroprevalence amongst the general population The use of leukoreduced blood units for anaemic HIV infectedpatients, is recommended.Keywords: Seroprevalence; CMV IgG/IgM; ELISA; healthy blood donors; HIV-infected patients.DOI: 10.3329/jom.v11i2.5462J MEDICINE 2010; 11 : 151-154
Highlights
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very frequent infection complicating AIDS
This study aims to determine the risk of transfusing patients with blood might result in CMV infection in a population of HIV infected patients. to determine the prevalence of CMV infection in HIV infected patient with and without past history of blood transfusion
The findings from this work may help to develop policy whether CMV screening should be routinely done before transfusing HIV infected patients, or in a case of high seroprevalence of CMV amongst the general population, the use of leukoreduced blood units for anaemic HIV infected patients, may be recommended, since CMV is transmitted through the white blood cell
Summary
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very frequent infection complicating AIDS. Most patients with AIDS who develop clinical signs and symptoms of CMV infection probably have reactivation of previous infection rather than primary infection. In a large autopsy series, CMV occurred most frequently in adrenal and respiratory tract, followed by the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and eye, infrequently in spleen and genitourinary tract, and rarely in lymph node, skin, liver, bone marrow, or heart.[1] The diagnosis of CMV retinopathy, one of the most clinically debilitating complications of CMV infection, is made on fundoscopic examination because of the inability to obtain tissue from the eye. HIV- infected patients who require transfusion are at high risk of developing symptomatic CMV infection when they are transfused with CMV-infected donor blood. This study intends to determine CMV infection risk in correlation with blood transfusion in a population of HIV- infected patients
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