Cytology and curetting diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Papanicolaou testing is effective in identifying squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) are far less commonly identified. Endocervical curettings (ECCs) are usually obtained after colposcopic biopsy, sample the endocervical canal, and aid in the detection of endocervical glandular lesions. Here, we examine the utility of Papanicolaou testing and endocervical curetting for detecting AIS and EAC. Cases from 2007 to 2019 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of AIS and EAC were identified and the clinical data and diagnostic material, including the cytology and surgical specimens, obtained. A total of 108 cases of AIS and EAC were identified, Papanicolaou tests were performed in 97 of these cases, and ECC in 87. AIS or EAC were detected in 46.4% of Papanicolaou tests; 41.4% of ECC showed AIS or EAC. A total of 92.7% of cases were positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and concurrent squamous intraepithelial lesion was present in 53.3% of cases. AIS or EAC were more commonly identified in cases without concurrent squamous intraepithelial lesions. Papanicolaou testing and endocervical curettings have a low detection rate for AIS and EAC. The majority of AIS and EAC cases test positive for high-risk HPV. Papanicolaou test and ECC show different detection rates and are complementary tools in patients with AIS and EAC. In some settings, an ECC can increase the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the pathologic diagnosis.