Cytologie du liquide pleural

Abstract

AbstractCytological analysis of pleural effusion is essential after pleural puncture. The aspect of the fluid and the analysis of nucleated elements guide the diagnosis. In the case of malignant pleural effusion, the most common cause is lung adenocarcinoma. The pleural fluid is then used to perform the diagnosis and additional testing required for the patient’s therapeutic management. Other carcinomas (ovarian, digestive, breast, etc.) can also metastasize to the pleura. Malignant mesothelial cells in the context of malignant pleural mesothelioma may be observed, although sensitivity is low and pleural biopsy is recommended for the diagnosis of this pathology. In rare cases, pleural effusion may reveal melanoma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma or haematological malignancy. This review covers the steps required for cytological analysis of pleural effusion and its interpretation.