Cytological study on the regulation of lymphocyte homing in the chicken spleen during LPS stimulation.

Qian Zhang,Hong Chen,Lisi Hu,Bing Chen,Xuejing Sun,Yasir Waqas,Nisar Ahmed,Qiusheng Chen,Quanfu Li,Yi Liu,Ping Yang,Yufei Huang,Bing Hu

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14502

Qian Zhang, Hong Chen + Show 11 more

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https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14502

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Abstract

The immune function of the chicken spleen depends on its different compartments of red and white pulps, but little is known about the mechanism underlying lymphocyte homing towards the different compartments. In the present study, the role of lymphocyte homing in the chicken spleen was investigated during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Morphological analysis demonstrated the cuboidal endothelial cells of the splenic sheathed capillary facilitated the passage of lymphocyte homing to the chicken spleen. The tissue-specific adhesion molecules- vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MADCAM-1) expressed on the sheathed capillary, which suggested the high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels of the chicken spleen. Electron microscope analysis showed LPS activated the endothelium of the sheathed capillary and recruited lymphocytes to the chicken spleen. Transferring of 5, 6- carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeled lymphocytes depicted the rout of lymphocyte homing to the compartments of the chicken spleen was from the white pulp to the red pulp. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of adhesion molecular integrin β1 and VCAM-1 increased after LPS stimulation. The mechanism underlying the integrin β1 and VCAM-1 during LPS stimulation might be associated with the integrin linked kinase (ILK)- dependent regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). This study firstly shows lymphocyte homing in the chicken spleen after LPS-induced inflammation. These results contribute to our knowledge of comparative immunology and provide a better means for investigating the pharmacological strategies concerning the possible role of lymphocyte homing in inflammation and immunological reactions in infectious disease.

Highlights

As the largest peripheral lymphoid organ, the spleen plays a significant role in antibacterial and antiviral immune reactivity
The white pulp in the chicken spleen includes three lymphoid regions: (1) the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths (PALS), which is the lymphoid tissue of the T lymphocytes that surrounds the central arteries; (2) the periellipsoid lymphocyte sheaths (PELS), which is the lymphoid tissue of the B lymphocytes that surround the branching penicillary capillaries; and (3) the lymph nodules which is the site of B lymphocytes proliferating and differentiating
The avian immune system and the immune response show significant differences compared with the mammalian immunology

Summary

Introduction

As the largest peripheral lymphoid organ, the spleen plays a significant role in antibacterial and antiviral immune reactivity. The chicken immune system has a crucial position in phylogeny as it is without lymph nodes but does have the bursa of Fabricius [1]. The mammalian spleen consists of red and white pulps with a marginal zone of separation [2, 3]. The white pulp in the chicken spleen includes three lymphoid regions: (1) the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths (PALS), which is the lymphoid tissue of the T lymphocytes that surrounds the central arteries; (2) the periellipsoid lymphocyte sheaths (PELS), which is the lymphoid tissue of the B lymphocytes that surround the branching penicillary capillaries; and (3) the lymph nodules which is the site of B lymphocytes proliferating and differentiating. The white www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget pulp in chickens plays a crucial role in the initiate immune response especially against blood-borne antigens [6, 7]

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