Abstract
Karyotype, meiosis and pollen stainability of the taxa Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff and Xanthium strumarium L. collected from central part of Nepal was cytologically carried out. Results obtained from this investigation showed that chromosome number in somatic cells were recorded to be 2n=36 in Bidens pilosa and 2n=32 in Xanthium strumarium using aceto-orceine squash technique. Likewise haploid chromosome number in reproductive cells were recorded to be n=18 in Bidens pilosa and n=16 in Xanthium strumarium using aceto-carmine squash technique. The range of chromosome length found to be 0.4 to 2.1 µm in Bidens pilosa and 0.4 to 1.6 µm in Xanthium strumarium. Karyotype formula was M16+m2+sm14+st4 for Bidens pilosa and M18+ sm12+st2 for Xanthium strumarium. Based on the position of the centromeres, the chromosomes were categorized into four types with centromere at median point, median region, sub median region and terminal region in Bidens pilosa whereas three types, namely chromosomes with centromere at median point, sub median region and sub terminal region in Xanthium strumarium . In Bidens pilosa karyotype is asymmetrical and slightly asymmetrical karyotype is found in Xanthium strumarium. Absolute length recorded in Bidens pilosa were 19.2µm and 15.8. µm in Xanthium strumarium . Pollen stainability is found to be 94.0 percent in Bidens pilosa and 92.7 percent in Xanthium strumarium.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 66-71
Highlights
The taxa Xanthium strumarium L. and Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff belong to the family Asteraceae and placed in tribe Heliantheae
Determination of chromosome number, karyotype analysis, meiotic behavior and pollen fertility of the both taxa are objective of this study
The research on chromosome number and karyomorphology is very important as a chromosome number have provided to be of great value in the determination of tribes in asteraceae
Summary
The taxa Xanthium strumarium L. and Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff belong to the family Asteraceae and placed in tribe Heliantheae. Minor (Blume) Sherff belong to the family Asteraceae and placed in tribe Heliantheae. The taxa Xanthium strumarium L. and Bidens pilosa L. var. The members of both species distributed globally. The genus Xanthium includes 25 species (Caius, 1986). In Nepal only one species namely Xanthium strumarium has been reported so far (Press et al, 2000). Xanthium strumarium is called Bhende kuro in Nepal. The genus Bidens pilosa includes 230 species (Sherff, 1935). In Nepal two species Bidens pilosa and Bidens biternata are found (Press et al, 2000). The Bidens pilosa, commonly called beggars stick, is known as Kalo kuro in Nepal. Karyotype analyses have been useful in classifying phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship between some related species and species groups
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