Abstract
Background: A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands causes by iodine deficiency, ageing, autoimmune disease and benign or malignant tumors. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed after goiter.
 Materials and Methods: To find out the distribution of thyroid gland swelling in patients visiting otorhinolaryngology department of Nobel medical college and correlate serum thyroid function test and anti-thyroid peroxidase level with fine needle aspiration cytology reports.
 Results: The mean age of patient with thyroid gland lesions was 40.47 ± 13.05 years. Out of 87 patients studied, the highest number of patients (37, 42.5%) was diagnosed with colloid goiter followed by autoimmune thyroiditis (29, 33.3%). The mean age of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be 38.66 ± 12.31 years. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis was 89.7% and 94.8% respectively.
 Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis has statistical correlation with serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and it can be effectively used as an alternative tool in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis with acceptable diagnostic accuracy.
Highlights
A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands which is a common clinical presentation
On further analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) reports, mean age of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was found to me 38.66 ± 12.31 years with minimum age of 16 years and maximum age of 74 years
The present study showed that autoimmune thyroiditis is more common in female with male to female ratio of 1:13.5, which is in accordance with study done by Shetty et al which showed male to female ratio of 1:14.7 [18]
Summary
A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands which is a common clinical presentation. The most common causes of thyroid swelling include iodine de ciency, ageing, autoimmune disease and benign or malignant tumors [1, 2]. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a synonym of autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, was rst described by Hakaru Hashimoto in 1992 [5] It is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed after goiter [6, 7]. The present study is conducted to evaluate the incidence of different thyroid lesions and determine the importance of serum level of anti-TPO in relation to FT3, FT4 and TSH in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis. A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands causes by iodine de ciency, ageing, autoimmune disease and benign or malignant tumors. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed after goiter
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