Abstract
In plants, pollen grain transfers the haploid male genetic material from anther to stigma, both between flowers (cross-pollination) and within the same flower (self-pollination). In order to better understand chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) SQ-1-induced pollen abortion in wheat, comparative cytological and proteomic analyses were conducted. Results indicated that pollen grains underwent serious structural injury, including cell division abnormality, nutritional deficiencies, pollen wall defect and pollen grain malformations in the CHA-SQ-1-treated plants, resulting in pollen abortion and male sterility. A total of 61 proteins showed statistically significant differences in abundance, among which 18 proteins were highly abundant and 43 proteins were less abundant in CHA-SQ-1 treated plants. 60 proteins were successfully identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These proteins were found to be involved in pollen maturation and showed a change in the abundance of a battery of proteins involved in multiple biological processes, including pollen development, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, stress response, protein metabolism. Interactions between these proteins were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed that the majority of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Accordingly, a protein-protein interaction network involving in pollen abortion was proposed. These results provide information for the molecular events underlying CHA-SQ-1-induced pollen abortion and may serve as an additional guide for practical hybrid breeding.
Highlights
In wheat plants, pollen develops in the anther, a highly specialized organ
Several of the most highly enriched differential abundant proteins (DAPs) were found to participate in carbohydrate metabolism, such as carbohydrate catabolic process (P= 2.70 × 10−5), hexose metabolic process (P= 3.91 × 10−4), alcohol metabolic process (P= 2.64 × 10−4), etc. These results suggested that chemical hybridizing agent (CHA)-SQ-1 disturbed pollen development by several biological pathways, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative/antioxidative system
Cytological and proteomic changes of wheat pollen abortion induced by CHA-SQ-1 were investigated
Summary
Pollen develops in the anther, a highly specialized organ. Sporogenous cells (center of anther locule) give rise to microsporocyte. The microspores are released, and each consists of a central nucleus (early-uninucleate stage) These microspores grow and undergo cell polarization until the nucleus is adjacent to the wall, and a single vacuole dominates the intracellular space (later-uninucleate stage). The polarized cell divides to form one large vegetative cell and one small generative cell (binucleate stage) Later, this bicellular system produces tricellular pollen (a vegetative cell and two sperm cells; trinucleate stage), forming mature pollen grain [1,2,3,4]. The development of mature pollen grain follows a tightly controlled sequence of events within the anther. Once this sequence is broken, pollen abortion occurs. Previous research studies on CHA-SQ-1-induced male sterility were mainly concentrated on reactive oxygen metabolism, aliphatic metabolism, and DNA methylation [5,6,7], the genetic and molecular mechanisms of CHA induced wheat pollen sterility still needs to be further elucidated
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