Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a large group of plant hormones which play a crucial role in many physiological processes in plants. One of the interesting functions of CKs is the control of programmed cell death (PCD). It seems that all CKs-dependent phenomena including PCD are accompanied by special multi-step phosphorelay signaling pathway. This pathway consists of three elements: histidine kinase receptors (HKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) and response regulators (RRs). This review shows the résumé of the latest knowledge about CKs signaling pathways in many physiological processes in plants with special attention paid to PCD process.
Highlights
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that normally occurs during seed germination, development and senescence
This pathway consists of three elements: histidine kinase receptors (HKs), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) and response regulators (RRs)
This review shows the resumeof the latest knowledge about CKs signaling pathways in many physiological processes in plants with special attention paid to programmed cell death (PCD) process
Summary
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that normally occurs during seed germination, development and senescence. Cytokinins play a pivotal role at many stages of plant growth and development (Sakakibara 2006; Choi and Hwang 2007) They were discovered during the 1950s as factors essential for cell division (Barciszewski et al 2007; Mazid et al 2011) in the presence of auxins (Carimi et al 2003). Since this discovery, endogenous CKs have been shown as active molecules involved in seed germination, leaf senescence, nutrient mobilization, apical dominance, formation and activity of shoot apical meristem (Mazid et al 2011) and development of vasculature (Choi et al 2011). These receptors could act as a multi-step phosphorelay system which functions like histidine kinase (HK; Schaller et al 2011)
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