Abstract
Effects of different cytokinin supplies including two types of aromatic cytokinins, such as benzyl-adenine, and 3-hydroxybenzyladenine applied at two different concentrations (2.0 and 6.0 μM) were studied on water and gas exchange parameters in in vitro apple leaves of ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Freedom’ scions after 3 weeks of culture. Cytokinin supply affected the stomatal conductance of water vapour, transpiration rate and the sub-stomatal CO2 concentration of leaves. Effect of cytokinin depended on its applied type and concentration, moreover on the apple scion. According to the results, the rate of CO2 exchange itself is not usable for characterization of function of photosynthetic apparatus of in vitro leaves. However, measurements of stomatal conductance of water vapour and transpiration rate seemed to be good indicators for stomatal behaviour of in vitro apple leaves.
Highlights
The success of micropropagation highly depends on the quality and physiological state of produced plant material, such as shoots and plantlets
In this work we studied the rate of the CO2 exchange, the transpiration rate, the stomatal conductance of water vapour and intercellular CO2 concentration in in vitro leaves of two apple scions grown for 3 weeks on media contained two types of aromatic cytokinins (6-benzyal-adenine, BA and meta-topolin, meta-TOP, respectively) at two levels (2.0 and 6.0 μM, respectively) applied generally during apple axillary shoot cultures (Dobránszki & Teixeira da Silva, 2010)
The cytokinin supply caused significant differences in the values of ci depending on the type and concentration of the cytokinins applied as already described in Amelanchier canadensis ‘Rainbow Pillar’ by Magyar-Tábori et al (2014)
Summary
The success of micropropagation highly depends on the quality and physiological state of produced plant material, such as shoots and plantlets. Under in vivo conditions cytokinins were proved to play a regulatory role in the behaviour of stomata, transpiration, photosynthesis and photorespiration (Reeves & Emery, 2007; Haisel et al, 2008; Rivero et al, 2009) Both the physiological status of in vitro grown plantlets and incidence rates of morphological and physiological disorders in plant tissue culture might be affected by cytokinins applied in the medium (Genkov et al, 1997; Xie et al, 2004; Dobránszki et al, 2005; Magyar-Tábori et al, 2010; Aremu et al, 2012; Dobránszki & Mendler-Drienyovszki, 2014)
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