Cytokinesis D is Mediated by Cortical Flow of Dividing Cells Instead of Chemotaxis.

Yuki Tanaka,Md Golam Sarowar Jahan,Shigehiko Yumura,Tomo Kondo,Masaki Nakano

doi:10.3390/cells8050473

Yuki Tanaka, Md Golam Sarowar Jahan + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8050473

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Abstract

Cytokinesis D is known as the midwife mechanism in which neighboring cells facilitate cell division by crossing the cleavage furrow of dividing cells. Cytokinesis D is thought to be mediated by chemotaxis, where midwife cells migrate toward dividing cells by sensing an unknown chemoattractant secreted from the cleavage furrow. In this study, to validate this chemotaxis model, we aspirated the fluid from the vicinity of the cleavage furrow of a dividing Dictyostelium cell and discharged it onto a neighboring cell using a microcapillary. However, the neighboring cells did not show any chemotaxis toward the fluid. In addition, the cells did not manifest an increase in the levels of intracellular Ca2+, cAMP, or cGMP, which are expected to rise in chemotaxing cells. From several lines of our experiments, including these findings, we concluded that chemotaxis does not contribute to cytokinesis D. As an alternative, we propose a cortical-flow model, where a migrating cell attaches to a dividing cell by chance and is guided toward the furrow by the cortical flow on the dividing cell, and then physically assists the separation of the daughter cells.

Highlights

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division
Since the green fluorescent protein (GFP)–pleckstrin homology (PH) domain localizes at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells in the aggregation stage of this organism, the authors assumed that midwife cells migrate toward the dividing cell because the midwife cells sense the chemoattractant secreted by the dividing cell
They are guided toward the furrow by the cortical flow on the dividing cell and cross the cleavage furrow, which facilitates the separation of daughter cells

Summary

Introduction

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division. Dictyostelium cells have four modes of cytokinesis—. Biron et al [3] proposed that the neighboring cells are guided by a chemoattractant secreted by dividing cells and facilitate cytokinesis as a midwife. Since the GFP–PH domain localizes at the leading edge of chemotaxing cells in the aggregation stage of this organism, the authors assumed that midwife cells migrate toward the dividing cell because the midwife cells sense the chemoattractant secreted by the dividing cell. They refer to it as cytokinesis D to distinguish this phenomenon from the other cytokinesis modes [1]. They are guided toward the furrow by the cortical flow on the dividing cell and cross the cleavage furrow, which facilitates the separation of daughter cells

Cell Culture

Microscopy

Microfluidic Experiments

Image Analysis

Neighboring Cells Facilitate Cell Division

The force dividing cell the wasfollowing exerted toward furrow from both