Cytokines, Proliferation Markers, Antimicrobial Factors and Neuropeptide-Containing Innervation in Human Nasal Mucosa after Rhinoseptoplasty Procedure.

Marija Podlesnaja,Gunta Sumeraga,Mara Pilmane

doi:10.3390/medsci9020025

Marija Podlesnaja, Gunta Sumeraga + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci9020025

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Abstract

The nasal cavity lined by nasal mucosa, is a significant part of respiratory system of human. However, there are no studies aimed to detect a molecular phenotype of healthy and normal functioning nasal mucosa, obtained after rhinoseptoplasty procedure, to understand its physiology and growth and inflammation processes. Thus, our aim is to identify human healthy nasal mucosa cytokines, neuropeptide-containing innervation and cell proliferation markers to form a control group for further tissue investigation of human nasal polyposis as the next step of our research. The study included surgery materials from 17 healthy humans. Biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of tissue PGP9.5, Ki-67, β-Defensin 2, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12. Results were evaluated semi-quantitatively and by Friedman ANOVA and Spearman rang correlation tests. All factors were more widely expressed by superficial epithelium than by glandular one. Abundance of ILs-8, -10 and -12 positive cells was detected in comparison with moderate to numerous distributions of IL-1, IL-6 and β-Defensin 2. Moderate number of PGP 9.5-containing nerve fibers and only few to moderate Ki-67 positive cells were found in healthy nasal mucosa. We revealed statistically significant difference between Ki-67 and ILs-4, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12 both in healthy nasal mucosa superficial and glandular epithelium. From nasal epithelia, commonly the surface one displays more cytokines and β-Defensin 2 in comparison to the glandular one. Numerous to abundant expression of ILs-4, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12 and β-Defensin 2 in nasal superficial and glandular epithelia proves probably these factors’ role into the common immune response of tissue and stimulation of immune cell differentiation.

Highlights

Our aim was for this work was the identification of those human healthy nasal mucosa cytokines, neuropeptide-containing innervation factors, and cell proliferation markers what will make possible the comparison of different mucosal tissue factor’s distribution and appearance with such in the disease affected tissue
The tissues were obtained from nasal mucosal biopsies taken before the rhinoseptoplasty procedure in Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, the study was conducted at the Department of Morphology of Riga Stradins University, Latvia
A moderate (++) number of PGP 9.5-containing nerve fibers was found in healthy nasal mucosa, though there were some variations with few (+) to numerous (+++) number of PGP 9.5 positive nerve fibers (Figure 1b) (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The nasal cavity is a significant part of respiratory system of human. Its structures function both to allow air to enter the respiratory tract, to regulate its flow and to make the sense of smell [1]. Nasal cavity is lined by nasal mucosa. It functions like a piece of respiratory mucosa that is mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract [2]

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