Cytokines Associated With Onset of a Hypertensive Phase and Surgical Failure After Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation

Abstract

To investigate the relationship between cytokines of the aqueous humor or Tenon capsule, the onset of a hypertensive phase, and surgical failure in patients undergoing Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation DESIGN: Prospective clinical cohort study. A total of 36 patients who underwent AGV implantation were included. Samples of aqueous humor and Tenon tissue were collected at the time of surgery. Multiple cytokines were evaluated in the samples using a bead-based multiplex cytokine assay. As for surgical outcomes, a hypertensive phase was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of greater than 21 mm Hg within 3 months after surgery, whereas surgical failure was defined as an IOP greater than 21 mm Hg with maximum tolerable glaucoma medications during 2 consecutive visits. Patients who entered a hypertensive phase showed higher transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) levels in the aqueous humor (P=.012). A longer axial length and higher TGF-β2 concentration of the aqueous humor were associated with higher maximum IOP values during 3 months after surgery per multiple regression analysis (P=.028 and P=.034). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, higher monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations in the aqueous humor and higher interleukin-4 concentrations in Tenon tissue were related to surgical failure (P=.022 and P=.040). Greater concentrations of TGF-β2 and MCP-1 were related to surgical outcome after glaucoma drainage device implantation. Further studies are needed to confirm that down-regulation of these cytokines could be helpful in improving surgical outcomes.