Cytokines and acute phase reactants during flare-up of contact allergy to gold

Abstract

Background and Objective: Patients with contact allergy experience cutaneous, as well as general reactions, when exposed systemically to their contact allergen. This study focused on the release in blood of pertinent cytokines and acute phase reactants as a consequence of parenteral allergen exposure. Design: Ten patients with contact allergy to gold were given one intramuscular injection of gold sodium thiomalate; plasma levels of some cytokines and acute phase reactants were followed for 24 hours. Results: There was a flare-up of 1-week-old patch tests in all 10 patients; a maculopapular rash in 5 of 10; and a transient fever in 4 of 10. Biochemical analyses showed some increase of plasma levels of several cytokines in most patients, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-ra) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in particular, and of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte proteins. A marked increase of IL-1ra, TNF-α, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF RI), neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), human (leukocyte) elastase antitrypsin (HEAT), and CRP was observed mainly in the four patients with fever and general skin reactions. Conclusion: Systemic exposure to the allergen in contact allergy elicits cutaneous and general reactions; at least in the case of gold allergy, it is accompanied by an emergence of cytokines and acute phase reactants.